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<title>Issachar</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Issachar</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Issachar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Issachar (disambiguation)">Issachar (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Issachar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="he">יִשָּׂשכָר</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Painting by <a href="Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a> (from <i><a href="Jacob_and_his_twelve_sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob and his twelve sons">Jacob and his twelve sons</a></i>, c. 1640–45)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">4 or 10 <a href="Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a><br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Paddan_Aram" title="Paddan Aram">Paddan Aram</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">(aged 122)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">maybe in <a href="Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Aridah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Tola (son)<br>Puah (son)<br>Jashub (son)<br> Shimron (son)<br><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_46:13_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_46:13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> (father)</li><li><a href="Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Reuben_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Reuben (son of Jacob)">Reuben</a> (brother)<br><a href="Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a> (brother)<br><a href="Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a> (brother)<br><a href="Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a> (brother)<br><a href="Dan_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Dan (son of Jacob)">Dan</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Gad_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Gad (son of Jacob)">Gad</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a> (brother)<br><a href="Dinah" title="Dinah">Dinah</a> (sister)<br><a href="Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a> (half brother)<br><a href="Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a> (aunt/stepmother)</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Issachar</b> (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יִשָּׂשכָר</span>, <small><a href="Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yiśśāḵār</i></span>, <small><a href="Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'"There is reward"')<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was, according to the <a href="Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, the fifth of the six sons of <a href="Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a> (Jacob's ninth son), and the founder of the <a href="Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> <a href="Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Tribe of Issachar</a>. However, some <a href="Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical scholars</a> view this as an <a href="Eponym" title="Eponym">eponymous</a> <a href="Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> providing an <a href="Aetiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetiology">aetiology</a> of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite <a href="Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>The text of Genesis provides two different sources for the name of <i>Issachar</i>. The first derives it from <i>ish sakar</i>, meaning <i>man of hire</i>, in reference to Leah's hire of Jacob's <a href="Human_reproduction#Copulation" title="Human reproduction">sexual favours</a> for the price of some <a href="Mandrake_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandrake (mythology)">mandrakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second derives it from <i>yesh sakar</i>, meaning <i>there is a reward</i>, in reference to Leah's opinion that the birth of Issachar was a divine reward for giving her handmaid <a href="Zilpah" title="Zilpah">Zilpah</a> to Jacob as a concubine.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Albright notes that the name Issachar finds a rich parallel in the name of a Semitic slave recorded in the <a href="Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> Egypt derived from the Semitic root <i>ś-k-r</i> "favorable, favor". The causative *<i>Yašaśkir</i> which constitutes the protoform of "Issachar" would mean approximately "May (God) Grant Favor".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_theories">Historical theories</h2></div>

<p>In the Biblical account, Leah's status as the first wife of Jacob is regarded by <a href="Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical scholars</a> as indicating that the authors saw the tribe of Issachar as being one of the original Israelite groups;<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this may have been the result of a scribal error, as the names of <i>Issachar</i> and <i><a href="Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a></i> appear to have changed places elsewhere in the text, and the birth narrative of Issachar and Naphtali is regarded by <a href="Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">textual scholars</a> as having been spliced together from <a href="Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">its sources</a> in a manner which has highly corrupted the narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rabbinical_interpretations">Rabbinical interpretations</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Classical_rabbinical_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical rabbinical literature">classical rabbinical literature</a>, it is stated that Issachar was born on the fourth of <a href="Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a>, and lived 122 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="Sefer_haYashar_(midrash)" title="Sefer haYashar (midrash)">midrashic Book of Jasher</a>, Issachar married <i>Aridah</i>, the younger daughter of <a href="Jobab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jobab">Jobab</a>, a son of <a href="Joktan" title="Joktan">Joktan</a>; the Torah states that Issachar had four sons, who were born in Canaan and migrated with him to <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_46:13_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_46:13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with their descendants remaining there until <a href="The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The midrashic Book of Jasher portrays Issachar as somewhat pragmatic, due to his strong effort in being more learned, less involved with other matters which led him to such actions like taking a feeble part in military campaigns involving his brothers, and generally residing in strongly fortified cities and, depending on his brother <a href="Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a>'s financial support in return for a share in the spiritual reward he gains.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> argues that Issachar's description in the <a href="Blessing_of_Jacob" title="Blessing of Jacob">Blessing of Jacob</a> - <i>Issachar is a strong <a href="Donkey" title="Donkey">ass</a> lying down between two burdens: and he saw that settled life was good, and the land was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - is a reference to the religious scholarship of the tribe of Issachar, though scholars feel that it may more simply be a literal interpretation of Issachar's name.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Islam">In Islam</h2></div>

<p>Some Muslim genealogists link Shuayb to <a href="Prophet_Abraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet Abraham">Abraham</a> through both Sarah and <a href="Keturah" title="Keturah">Keturah</a> by making Shuayb's genealogy to be Shuayb b. Isaachar b. Midian b. Abraham.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>A <a href="Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritan</a> tradition recorded in the late 19th century considered Neby Hazkil near <a href="Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a> to be the burial place of Issachar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Tribe of Issachar</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_of_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Chronicles">Book of Chronicles</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-Genesis_46:13-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_46:13_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_46:13_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2046:13&version=nrsv">Genesis 46:13</a></span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKhan2020" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Geoffrey (2020). <i>The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1</i>. Open Book Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1783746767</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3426.htm">"Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 3462. yesh"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7939.htm">"Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 7939. sakar"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="Peake's_commentary_on_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Peake's commentary on the Bible">Peake's commentary on the Bible</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2030:16&version=nrsv">Genesis 30:16</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2030:18&version=nrsv">Genesis 30:18</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright1954" class="citation journal cs1">Albright, W. F. (1954). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/595513?seq=1">"Northwest-Semitic Names in a List of Egyptian Slaves from the Eighteenth Century B. C."</a></span>. <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>74</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">222–</span>233. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F595513">10.2307/595513</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279">0003-0279</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Jewish_Encyclopedia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Encyclopedia_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Friedman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Friedman_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Elliott_Friedman" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Richard_Elliott_Friedman" title="Richard Elliott Friedman">Richard Elliott Friedman</a>. <i>Who wrote the bible?</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Book of Exodus</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2049:14–15&version=nrsv">Genesis 49:14–15</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Tribe of Issachar". <i><a href="The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNoegel2002" class="citation book cs1">Noegel, Scott (2002). <i>Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism</i>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780810866102</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/219/mode/1up">219</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Issachar" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Issachar">Issachar</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/about/judaism/yissachar.htm">Judaism 101:A Glossary of Basic Jewish Terms and Concepts: Yissachar</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword_cdo/kid/9131/jewish/Issachar.htm">Issachar</a> at <a href="Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Children_of_Jacob120" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Children of <a href="Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Reuben_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Reuben (son of Jacob)">Reuben</a> (1)</li>

<li><a href="Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a> (2)</li>

<li><a href="Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a> (4)</li>

<li><a href="Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a> (10)</li>

<li><a href="Dinah" title="Dinah">Dinah</a> (11)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a> (12)</li>

<li><a href="Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a> (13)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="Bilhah" title="Bilhah">Bilhah</a>, Rachel's servant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a> (6)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="Zilpah" title="Zilpah">Zilpah</a>, Leah's servant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a> (8)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adopted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ephraim" title="Ephraim">Ephraim</a> (12.1)</li>

<li><a href="Manasseh_(tribal_patriarch)" title="Manasseh (tribal patriarch)">Manasseh</a> (12.2)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox507" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012123547">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007499241905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Issachar&oldid=1301512226">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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